Organs by body system
48 organs and skeletal groups assembled from the pieces of the 3D atlas, grouped by the system they belong to. Each opens its anatomy page: structure, function, a live 3D model wherever the atlas holds the organ, and every clinical topic that concerns it.
Skeleton
Skull
22 bones forming the cranium that protects the brain and the facial skeleton.
Vertebral column
33 vertebrae with their discs: the flexible pillar that carries the head and protects the spinal cord.
Rib cage
Twelve pairs of ribs, their costal cartilages and the sternum protect the heart and lungs and move with breathing.
Bony pelvis
The two hip bones with the sacrum and coccyx transfer body weight to the legs and protect pelvic organs.
Shoulder girdle
Clavicle and scapula link each arm to the trunk.
Hand skeleton
27 bones per hand: 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals and 14 phalanges.
Foot skeleton
26 bones per foot: 7 tarsals, 5 metatarsals and 14 phalanges.
Knee joint
The largest joint in the body: femur, tibia and patella held by four ligaments and cushioned by two menisci, with the fibula alongside.
Muscles
Diaphragm
The dome-shaped muscle separating chest from abdomen; the main muscle of breathing.
Pelvic floor
The levator ani (pubococcygeus, puborectalis, iliococcygeus) and coccygeus: a muscular hammock closing the bottom of the pelvis that supports the bladder, uterus or prostate and rectum and controls continence.
Heart
Arteries
Coronary vessels
The arteries and veins that supply and drain the heart muscle itself.
Aorta
The largest artery, carrying blood from the left ventricle to the whole body.
Nervous system
Brain
The cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem: about 1.4 kg of tissue that controls thought, movement, sensation and every organ.
Cerebellum
The 'little brain' behind the brainstem coordinates balance, posture and the timing of movements.
Brainstem
Midbrain, pons and medulla connect the brain to the spinal cord and run breathing, heart rate and consciousness.
Sensory organs
Eye
The eyeball and its parts: cornea, lens, iris, retina and the tissues that protect and move it.
Ear
The external ear gathers sound; the middle and inner ear (not modelled here) convert it to nerve signals and sense balance.
Respiratory
Nose
Nasal bones and cartilages shape the nose; the conchae inside warm and filter the air.
Larynx
The voice box: a cartilage frame with the vocal ligaments, guarding the airway and producing sound.
Trachea & bronchial tree
The windpipe and the branching airways that carry air into every segment of the lungs.
Lungs
Two spongy organs of gas exchange. This dataset models the lungs through their segmental bronchial trees and pulmonary vessels rather than as solid lobes.
Digestive
Tongue
A muscular organ for taste, chewing, swallowing and speech.
Oesophagus
A muscular tube carrying swallowed food from the pharynx to the stomach.
Stomach
A muscular bag that churns food with acid and enzymes before releasing it into the duodenum.
Small intestine
Duodenum, jejunum and ileum: about six metres where most digestion and absorption happens.
Large intestine
Caecum, appendix, colon and rectum absorb water and form stool.
Liver
The body's chemical factory: it processes nutrients, detoxifies blood and makes bile. Modelled as eight hepatovenous segments with the biliary tree.
Gallbladder & bile ducts
Stores and concentrates bile, releasing it into the duodenum through the cystic and common bile ducts.
Pancreas
Makes digestive enzymes and the hormones insulin and glucagon.
Urinary
Kidneys
Paired filters that clean the blood and regulate fluid and salts.
Urinary bladder & urethra
The bladder stores urine; the urethra carries it out of the body.
Ureters
Muscular tubes carrying urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
Reproductive
Prostate
A walnut-sized gland below the bladder that adds fluid to semen.
Testes & epididymis
The testes produce sperm and testosterone; the epididymis stores maturing sperm.
Penis
Erectile bodies (corpora cavernosa and spongiosum) and the glans.
Endocrine
Adrenal glands
Glands on top of each kidney producing cortisol, aldosterone and adrenaline.
Pituitary gland
The master gland at the base of the brain, controlling growth, thyroid, adrenal and reproductive hormones.
Lymphatic & immune
Spleen
Filters blood, recycles red cells and houses immune cells.
Thymus
Behind the sternum; trains T lymphocytes in childhood and shrinks with age.
Female reproductive
Uterus & cervix
The womb: a pear-sized muscular organ behind the bladder whose lining is shed each month or supports a pregnancy; the cervix is its neck, opening into the vagina.
Ovaries & fallopian tubes
The female gonads, one on each side of the uterus, release an egg each cycle and make oestrogen and progesterone; the fallopian tubes carry the egg to the uterus and are where fertilisation happens.
Vagina
A muscular, elastic canal about 8 to 10 cm long from the cervix to the vulva, between the bladder and urethra in front and the rectum behind: the birth canal and the passage for menstrual blood.
Ligaments of the uterus & ovary
The peritoneal folds and fibromuscular bands that suspend the uterus, tubes and ovaries: the broad ligament with its mesosalpinx and mesovarium, the round, cardinal and uterosacral ligaments, the suspensory and ovarian ligaments and the vesico-uterine pouch.
Vulva & clitoris
The external female genitalia: the mons pubis, labia majora and minora, the clitoris, the vestibule with the urethral and vaginal openings, and the glands that open into it.
Breasts
Modified sweat glands on the front of the chest wall over pectoralis major: 15 to 20 lobes of milk-producing tissue draining to the nipple, in fat and supporting ligaments, with lymph drainage mainly to the armpit.